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Cantres traces the emergence and consolidation of a radical consciousness among West Indians in mid-20th-century Britain. Drawing on a broad range of primary sources and secondary materials, Cantres begins by looking at the Caribbean situation before and immediately after WW II, including the fifth Pan-African Congress convened in Manchester, UK, in 1945. He describes the initial responses of uprooted intellectuals to living at the geographical center of a declining colonial power. He details the response of both activists and ordinary émigrés to the Notting Hill race riots of 1958, and he explains how such organizations as the West Indian Student Centre accommodated young aspirants to the challenging realities of the British education system. The restrictions of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1962 helped provoke the emergence of a Black Power movement in the wake of the inflammatory rhetoric of Enoch Powell. The Caribbean Artists Movement organized a conference in 1968 that contested passive assimilation, and groups such as the Black Eagles, led by Michael X, embodied a revolutionary consciousness. The author argues that by the 1970s Black thinkers had created a blueprint for political resistance and autonomy. Recommended.
A significant contribution to the growing literature on Caribbean organisations, activists and writers in the post-war period, from the Manchester Pan-African Congress to the Black Power Movement and beyond.
Blackening Britain begins with the taller trees, such as Harold Moody, in the urban forests of 1950s British race relations. From these heights, this comprehensive text plunges its readers into the thick and violent undergrowth, where the struggles of Black immigrants to survive remained for decades at the level of life and death. It closes with Black political and intellectual responses to these bitter racial struggles. Most definitely an informative and engaging read.
In Blackening Britain, James Cantres argues that West Indians in Britain did much more than pursue British identity and citizenship. Grounded in a racialized consciousness and pulling from transnational political imaginaries, they rejected the British state as the arbiter of identity construction and cultivated a more radical “post-nationalist perspective.” An important contribution to the growing body of work on Black Britain.
James Cantres is assistant professor in Africana & Puerto Rican/Latino Studies at Hunter College, CUNY where he specializes in migration, black internationalism, radical politics, cultural formations, and Africana epistemologies.