Chemistry

1. Ranganatha , S

Nanokompozytowe pow¿oki na bazie wolframu do zastosowa¿ przemys¿owych

W niniejszym artykule podj¿to prób¿ ogólnego naszkicowania ró¿nych rodzajów technologii wytwarzania cienkich warstw. Szczegó¿owo omówiono szczegó¿y technologiczne wytwarzania cienkich warstw metod¿ bezpr¿dow¿, wraz z ich zasadami. Przedstawiono równie¿ metody analityczne do charakteryzowania osadzonych cienkich warstw. Z tego wzgl¿du niniejszy zbiór jest bardzo istotny dla badaczy zainteresowanych projektowaniem cienkich warstw przeznaczonych do konkretnych zastosowä.

1. Rahul , Shah
2. Hiral , Vaghela
3. Kokila , Parmar

Digitales Bombenkalorimeter

Das Bombenkalorimeter misst den Brennwert der Kohle, Benzoesäure. Zuerst stellen wir (1 g) Pellets aus der Kohle in der Pelletierpresse her, durch Druck. Nachdem wir ein Pellet hergestellt haben, nehmen wir eine Bombe und befestigen den Draht im Kreuz und spannen den (10 cm) Baumwollfaden auf den Draht und das Kreuz, das in die Bombe gesteckt wird. Jetzt wird die Sauerstoffleitung oben an der Bombe angeschlossen und der Sauerstoff mit 400 kg/cm2 hinzugefügt. Das Sauerstoffleitungsventil wird geöffnet, die Bombe wird gehalten und in das Gefäß eingesetzt. Jetzt wird der Mantel mit dem kombinierten Blei geschlossen und der Sensor für die Temperaturmessung eingesetzt und der Rührmotor eingesetzt und die Elektroden werden durch den kombinierten Deckel an der Bombe angebracht. Notieren Sie nun im digitalen Bombenkalorimeter die Anfangstemperatur, nachdem Sie diese mit der Einstelltaste auf Null gesetzt haben. Schalten Sie nun den Temperaturanstieg ein und geben Sie das Feuer mit dem Feuerknopf frei. Nach einiger Zeit steigt die Temperatur an und nach wenigen Sekunden wird die Temperatur konstant, wobei das Pellet vollständig verbrennt. Notieren Sie nun die konstante Temperatur und berechnen Sie den Standardwert der Kohle und daraus den Cv-Wert der Kohle.

1. Hisako , Sato
2. Akihiko , Yamagishi
3. Jun , Yoshida

Multi-dimensional Vibrational Circular Dichroism

This book provides the reader with the latest research on vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy including its useful features and applications to many fields. The book starts from an unresolved question in gel chemistry of how component molecules are organized in the flexible fibrils of gels. VCD spectroscopy was successful in giving a clear answer to this mystery. The book also describes a key aspect of this technique lay in the fact that VCD signals were remarkably enhanced when chiral molecules formed a stereoregular molecular array over a few hundred nanometers. VCD spectroscopy was also applied to other topics involving chiral molecules such as the chiral discrimination mechanism in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis and the build-up of supramolecular chirality in molecular crystals. Furthermore, the book covers the recent instrument developments leading to multi-dimensional VCD measurements with the coordinates of wavenumber, space and time. This progress has opened up new biological and medical applications such as the heterogenous distributions of protein domains in insect wings and the quality control of chiral drugs. The last part of the book presents the possibility of medical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease through multi-dimensional VCD analyses. This book appeals not only to researchers and students who study spectroscopy but also to ones in catalysis, biology and medicine as users of the VCD methods.

Ammonia and Hydrogen for Green Energy Transition

The subject of this book pertains to the applicability of zero-carbon vector fuels, such as ammonia or hydrogen, in a practical scenario. This monograph extensively discusses the applicability or challenges associated with ammonia fuels for both IC-engine and gas turbine applications. It provides insights into ammonia cracking through catalytic membrane reactors for hydrogen production. This book also discusses NOx mitigation techniques for ammonia combustion, such as MILD combustion, two-stage combustion, porous assisted combustion, plasma combustion, and high-pressure combustion. This book also provides details on the chemical kinetics of ammonia and hydrogen combustion. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in green energy and allied fields.

1. Wisam Roiss , Matrood
2. Buraq T. Sh. , AL-Mosawi
3. Doaa H. , Hashim

Nanoparticelle di argento vegetale: Potere antimicrobico

Questo libro si concentra sulla sintesi verde di nanoparticelle d'argento (AgNPs) utilizzando estratti vegetali di Capparis spinosa (pianta del cappero) e Allophylus serratus, sottolineando il loro approccio ecologico, economico e non tossico rispetto ai metodi chimici tradizionali.Le AgNPs hanno mostrato una forte attività antibatterica contro patogeni Gram-positivi (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) e Gram-negativi (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa).La sintesi mediata dalle piante evita i sottoprodotti tossici e si allinea ai principi della chimica verde.Le nanoparticelle hanno dimostrato stabilità, elevato rapporto superficie/volume e biocompatibilità.Il libro sottolinea il potenziale delle AgNPs di origine vegetale come alternativa sostenibile per combattere la resistenza microbica e far progredire la nanomedicina. La validazione sperimentale e la scalabilità per le applicazioni industriali sono raccomandate per il lavoro futuro.

1. Ranganatha , S

Rivestimenti nanocompositi a base di tungsteno per applicazioni industriali

In questo contributo si cerca di schematizzare i diversi tipi di tecnologie di fabbricazione dei film sottili in generale. I dettagli tecnologici della fabbricazione di film sottili con il metodo electroless sono discussi in dettaglio, con i relativi principi. Inoltre, vengono presentati i metodi analitici per caratterizzare i film pensanti depositati. In quest'ottica, questa raccolta è molto significativa per i ricercatori interessati a progettare film sottili per applicazioni specifiche.