This open access book brings together narratives of inbound and outbound expatriate entrepreneurship in Japan to provide a comprehensive overview of international entrepreneurship in the region.

Professor Yokoyama is the Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration, Toyo Gakuen University, Tokyo, Japan, where she supervises research in the field of human resource management in Japanese companies by drawing comparisons between Japanese-style employment management and the merit-based systems. Her recent research is concerned with Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs working in Southeast Asia, where she conducted researches, visiting Hong Kong, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, China, Vietnam and the Philippines. Her recent publications include Working in South-east Asia, Pelican Publishing Co., 2017 and Yokoyama K. & S. L. Birchley (2018). Mindset and Social Entrepreneurship, Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Vol 4, Issue 1, pp1-21, SAGE Publications. In her early career, Yokoyama worked a total of nine years in the UN Organizations, for Employment Department in ILO, Geneva, African Bureau of UNHCR, Geneva and Personnel Division of FAO, Rome.

Professor Birchley works in the Faculty of Business Administration and the Graduate School of Business Administration, Toyo Gakuen University, Tokyo, Japan. Her research interests include diaspora entrepreneurship, tourism entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education. She has recently completed a sabbatical as a Visiting Scholar at the IC2 Institute at the University of Texas at Austin and at Cardiff University, Wales. Her recent publications include Birchley, S.L. (2018). Heritage Tourism and Entrepreneurship: Cases from the Welsh Context. Proceedings of the International Tourism Congress 2018, Quito, Ecuador and Yokoyama K. & Birchley, S.L. (2018). Mindset and Social Entrepreneurship, Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Vol 4, Issue 1, pp1-21, SAGE. From Wales, Sarah Louisa has been an expatriate in Japan since 2001 and is working to harness the energy and potentialof the Welsh diaspora in Asia and encourage business and entrepreneurs Transnational Entrepreneurship in South East Asia: Japanese Self-Initiated Expatriate Entrepreneurs

 

Chapter One: Perspectives on Transnational Entrepreneurship

1.1 Introduction

1.2. Positioning the Research

1.3. What is it exactly that are we exploring?

1.3.1. Entrepreneurship

1.3.2. Defining Transnational Entrepreneurship

1.4. Who is the Entrepreneur in this book?

1.4.1. Self-Initiated Expatriate Entrepreneurs

1.5. When and why is this a pertinent study?

1.6. How are we approaching transnational entrepreneurship?

1.7. The Study

 

Chapter Two: Entrepreneurship in the Japanese Context

2.1. Demographic Changes in Japan

2.2. Globalization and Internationalization in Japan

2.3. Government Strategy

2.4. Human Resource Management Practices in Japan

2.5. Women in Japanese Society

2.6. Entrepreneurship in Japan

2.7. Career Education in Japan

2.8. Entrepreneurship Education in Japan

2.9. Japan, Culture and Entrepreneurship

 

Chapter Three: Japanese Self-Initiated Expatriate Entrepreneurs in South East Asia

3.1. The Context of South East Asia

3.2.  Cambodia

3.2.1. Country Context

3.2.2. Cases

3.3. Vietnam

3.3.1. Country Context

3.3.2. Cases

3.4. Myanmar

3.4.1. Country Context

3.4.2. Cases

3.5. Indonesia

3.5.1. Country Context

3.5.2. Cases

3.6. China

3.6.1. Country Context

3.6.2. Cases

3.7. Hong Kong

3.7.1. Country Context

3.7.2. Cases

3.8. Thailand

3.8.1. Country Context

3.8.2. Cases

3.9. The Philippines

3.9.1. Country Context

3.9.2. Cases

 

Chapter Four: Country Comparisons

4.1. General Findings

4.2. ConceptualizingJapanese Transnational Entrepreneurs in Asia.

4.2.1. Experience

4.2.1.1 Education

4.2.1.2. Workplace

4.2.1.3. Life

4.2.2. Motivation

4.2.3. Networks and Brokers

4.2.4. Knowledge

4.2.5. Mindset

4.2.6. Opportunity Recognition

4.2.7. Innovation and Creativity

4.2.8. Venture Creation and Financing

4.2.9. Identity

4.3. Self-determination theory (SDT)

4.4. Summary of Chapter Four

 

Chapter Five: The Future of Japanese Transnational Entrepreneurs in South East Asia

 

5.1. Fostering the Next Generation of Japanese SIEEs

5.1.1. New Directions for Japanese HRM

5.1.2. New Directions for Entrepreneurship Education

5.1.3. New Directions for Career Education

5.1.4. Reflections on Doing Business South East Asia

5.2. On Becoming a Self-Initiated Expatriate Entrepreneur

5.2.1. Exploration Stage

5.2.2. Exposure to overseas

5.2.3. Familyand Lifestyle Choices

5.2.4. Workplace & Career Choices

5.2.5. Developing Self-Efficacy

5.2.6. Key Business Decisions

5.3. Reflections on this study

5.3.1. Methods and conceptual frameworks

5.3.2. Future research directions

5.4. Closing Remarks hip in the region.