From jails to hospitals to the analyst’s couch, the venues of psychiatry have shifted amid debate over the nature of mental illness: is it psychosocial or biological? Andrew Scull follows the path from the asylum to the street, from shock therapies to talk therapy, and on to psychiatry’s dependence on drugs, whose side effects are often ignored.

An indisputable masterpiece…a comprehensive, fascinating, and persuasive narrative of the past 200 years of psychiatry in America…[Scull] is unsparing in his critiques when motives of money, power, and fame have tempted psychiatrists to disregard the welfare of those under their care.

[A] comprehensive, sober, and compulsively readable history of psychiatry…Scull’s book is an effort to provide a sight line through the often turbulent currents of the field, touching on its strengths and (mostly) its shortfalls, from the start of the psychiatric endeavor to the present moment…Scull has joined his wide-ranging reporting and research with a humane perspective on matters that many of us continue to look away from.

Brimming with wisdom and brio, this masterful work spans the history of modern psychiatric practice, from the abject horrors of Victorian asylums to the complexities surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness to this day. Exceedingly well-researched, wide-ranging, provocative in its conclusions, and magically compact, it is riveting from start to finish. Mark my words, Desperate Remedies will soon be a classic.

This is a chilling book…Scull’s fascinating and enraging book is the story of the quacks and opportunists who have claimed to offer cures for mental illness…Madness remains the most fascinating—arguably the defining—aspect of Homo sapiens. But it’s too hard for most of us to think about. And in Scull’s harrowing account, this is in large measure because the majority of those drawn to its treatment have been morally or scientifically bankrupt. Often both.

Meticulously researched and beautifully written, and even funny at times, despite the harrowing content. This is a history of serious mental illness—schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression—and there is no happy ending…Scull writes passionately of the need for a broader approach, embracing more than the biological paradigm.

Scull is especially critical of the last 20 years when research narrowed its focus onto possible biological factors for mental illness. The lack of concern with the social and psychological dimensions of mental disturbance, he argues, has precipitated inequities in treatment and led to the consignment of the mentally ill to the streets and jails of this country.

An important plea for psychiatrists not to be seduced into offering a cure that is worse than the disease…Scull’s engaging account of the development of psychiatry and psychiatric treatments since the 19th century shows history repeating itself many times over…The grisly part of Scull’s story is not gratuitous. It is the context from which modern drugs such as antidepressants and antipsychotics emerged…Desperate Remedies is a reminder of the tragic and barbarous measures that have often been inflicted on people in the name of curing mental disturbance.

[A] grim but fascinating picture of American psychiatry since 1900…Tells of how, in search of continuously elusive causes of severe mental illness and the equally elusive cures, and with a captive and often stigmatized clientele, pioneering psychiatrists permitted themselves to engage in human experimentation on an epic scale. And ended up pretty much no further advanced than when they had started…[An] absolutely essential, deeply felt and horribly absorbing book.

[A] searching and enlightening history…[Scull] comes across as wise, sanguine, and unsurprised by his findings in this survey of how American…psychiatry has understood and treated the insane, distressed, and traumatized from 1820 to the present. His book, however, will leave readers who are unfamiliar with the story horrified and aghast…I would recommend this fascinating, alarming and alerting book to anybody. For anyone referred to a psychiatrist it is surely essential.

A provocative and often persuasive analysis of psychiatry…A must-read for those who have been—or fear they will be—touched by mental illness…If psychiatry is to survive, Scull concludes, psychiatrists must be more candid about the limits of their knowledge.

Scull is well aware that psychiatry has vacillated between treating ‘the mind’ with therapeutic dialogue and treating ‘the body’ with surgery and psychotropic drugs…The medical discipline has never known and still does not know what it is treating…Scull directs the reader’s attention to the fact that after decades of research and billions of dollars spent, not a single biomarker for psychiatric sickness has been discovered.

Explore[s] the crisis in biological psychiatry, tracing the political, economic, social, and professional factors that led psychiatrists to attempt to pin the reality of mental illness—and the legitimacy of the profession—on the brain…A chilling account of a period characterized by an ‘orgy of experimentation.’…Demonstrates that the foundations of biological psychiatry were built on violence inflicted on the bodies of women, the poor, and people of color…Impressive.

An intensely skeptical history and analysis of psychiatry. The gist of his argument is: Although there have been undeniable advancements, mental illness remains baffling, and no discipline has done a great job of treating symptoms and understanding causes…Scull…has written the best kind of ‘feel-bad’ book, lashing offenders left and right with his whip of evidence. Whether the vitriol resonates or alienates will depend on your matrix of experiences and beliefs.

For me the greatest value of Desperate Remedies is the brilliant spotlight that [Scull]…shines on historical and current truths about psychiatry. There is an implicit plea that is interwoven throughout the book for a measure of relief from the ‘devastating tragedy’ that envelops people with mental illness…Medical students intending to train in psychiatry would be well served by the masterful perspective Scull provides and the penetrating questions he raises for the profession.

A blistering critique of contemporary psychiatry…He believes the field has made some progress over the past two centuries—but not much…Scull argues that there will always be limits to what medication or medical science alone can achieve because mental illness is not purely biological: our brains are shaped by developmental and environmental factors, and our thoughts and feelings are shaped by our social and cultural context.

A leading figure in the history of psychiatry, Scull is obviously passionate about the unhelpful directions psychiatry has taken…Desperate Remedies nods toward green shoots of progress in neuroscience and genetics, but there’s no doubt, as Scull makes clear, that psychiatry in the US and the UK needs to up its game in response to increasing levels of psychiatric illness…Scull’s history [is] a vital rallying cry.

[An] erudite, precise, blisteringly critical history of 200 years of psychiatry…Scull still holds out the narrow possibility that psychiatry has a future, if only it would calm down and own up to its limitations.

Scull delivers a remarkable history of psychiatry in America…The final section…is a devastatingly effective chronicle of the rise of psychopharmacology and its tendency to regard all mental illnesses as potentially treatable with the right medication…This sweeping and comprehensive survey is an impressive feat.

A carefully researched history of psychiatry, [it] provides a critical assessment of the psychiatric enterprise. In the rush to find cures for psychiatric illnesses, Scull believes that there has been a disappointing lack of focus on patients.

A comprehensive history of American psychiatry…Authoritative and sobering…Lays out the obstacles that all practitioners in the field have faced as successive methods of treatments—Freudian analysis, talk therapy, and medication—have come into vogue and then retreated…Because Scull’s crisis-to-crisis history is so impeccable, it’s also deeply troubling.

Scull…is interested in the grisly particulars of treatment, and also more broadly in the construction over time of a profession, psychiatry, that has never quite functioned independently: always borrowing, always distancing itself, from other branches of medicine. Desperate Remedies is unconsoling about this history and what it suggests for the future.

Desperate Remedies is a riveting chronicle of faulty science, false promises, arrogance, greed, and shocking disregard for the wellbeing of patients suffering from mental disorders. An eloquent, meticulously documented, clear-eyed call for change.

Desperate Remedies is a harrowing, heart-pounding history that will leave you gasping. Andrew Scull vividly transports us to the dismal asylums and experimental operating rooms that haunt psychiatry’s past and then links that tragic era with our prescription-happy present. Dryly witty, but always compassionate, he shines a light on a century of medical mayhem and the horror it inflicted on the innocent. This is a riveting, powerful, and utterly astonishing read.

An immensely engaging—if often dismaying—account of American psychiatry. Scull impressively balances the social reality that constitutes ‘mental illness’ with the ever-shifting rationales used to explain such unsettling behaviors and emotions by those who have chosen to manage these elusive ills. Desperate Remedies is an important contribution to our understanding of a fundamental and still-contested aspect of human experience.

Andrew Scull weighs American psychiatry in the balance and finds it seriously wanting. So this may not be the best introductory text for an aspiring medical student. But it is required reading for anyone who appreciates great writing, insight, and outstanding scholarship—just the kind of people we want doing psychiatry.

[Scull] is the best historian of psychiatry known to me. He writes elegantly and without jargon, is fair-minded…has a true writer’s eye for the dramatic detail, and is never dull…Magisterial.

Recounts in detail many shameful episodes from psychiatry’s past…Scull wants his readers to think probingly about who truly needs psychiatrists, and why.

Scull’s tour-de-force history of psychiatry, from the birth of the asylum in the 1830s to today, is an essential book for our times.

Scull tells the story of psychiatry in the United States from the 19th-century asylum to 21st-century psychopharmacology through its dubious characters, its shifting conceptions of mental illness and its often-gruesome treatments.

No book on the history of psychiatry better captures the texture and feel of the different periods under discussion…Any sociologist interested in any facet of mental health—in any era—would be wise to read it once through, add it to their working library, and return to it over and over for its brimming insight.

Andrew Scull is the author of Madness in Civilization: A Cultural History of Insanity, from the Bible to Freud, from the Madhouse to Modern Medicine; Hysteria: The Disturbing History; Madness: A Very Short Introduction, and Psychiatry and Its Discontents, among other books. Distinguished Professor of Sociology Emeritus at the University of California, San Diego, he won the Roy Porter Medal for lifetime contribution to the history of medicine and the Eric Carlson award for lifetime contributions to the history of psychiatry. He has contributed to many documentaries, including PBS’s “Mysteries of Mental Illness” and “The Lobotomist,” has written for the The Atlantic, Wall Street Journal, Times Literary Supplement, Scientific American, and The Nation, and blogs for Psychology Today and Mad in America.