Resultaten voor 'michael wolff'

1. Michael , Wolff

Essay on the Principles of Logic

Wolff's book defends the Kantian idea of a "general logic" whose principles underlie special systems of deductive logic. It thus undermines "logical pluralism," which tolerates the co-existence of divergent systems of modern logic without asking for consistent common principles. Part I of Wolff¿s book identifies the formal language in which the most general principles of logic must be expressed. This language turns out to be a version of syllogistic language already used by Aristotle. The universal validity of logical principles, as well as the translatability of other logical languages into this language, are shown to depend only on the meanings of its logical vocabulary. Part II of the book answers the metalogical question concerning the deductive relation between general logic and special logical systems, which also have their own (less general) principles. This part identifies the rules according to which logical rules can be derived from principles. The main result of the book is that the highest principles of logic and metalogics are provided by the syllogistic, when properly understood.

1. Friedrich , Schreiber
2. Michael , Wolffsohn

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1. Michael , Wolff

Abhandlung über die Prinzipien der Logik

Die Frage, welches der vielen divergierenden modernen Logiksysteme "die eine, richtige" Logik enthalt, wird von Logikern gerne zuruckgewiesen: eine solche Logik gebe es nicht. In Michael Wolffs Buch wird diese Frage anders behandelt, namlich durch Anwendung der Methode der logisch-semantischen Sprachanalyse auf die Sprachen der Logik selbst. Diese Analyse zeigt, daa die von Frege, Hilbert und anderen vertretene Ansicht, logisches Vokabular der Syllogistik sei ohne Bedeutungsanderung ersetzbar durch wahrheitsfunktionale und quantorenlogische Ausdrucke beziehungsweise durch Ausdrucke des Klassenkalkuls, unhaltbar ist, da wahrheitsfunktionale Ausdrucke mit komplexen, klassen- und quantorenlogische Ausdrucke mit nicht-formalen syllogistischen Ausdrucken gleichbedeutend sind. Das logische Vokabular der Syllogistik genugt zur Wiedergabe aller gultigen Regeln und Gesetze der deduktiven Logik. Dagegen erweisen sich Regeln und Gesetze, die nur in der Sprache eines der modernen Systeme der "klassischen" und "nicht-klassischen" Logik formulierbar sind, als nicht allgemeingultig, da ihre Gultigkeit nicht ausschliealich auf der Bedeutung des verwendeten logischen Vokabulars beruht. Diese Systeme setzen gemeinsam die Gultigkeit der Syllogistik (als der einen, richtigen Logik) implizit voraus und sind aus ihr ableitbar, wenn divergierende nicht-allgemeingultige Regeln in syllogistischer Sprache formuliert und als gultig angenommen werden. Wie diese Ableitung exakt und luckenlos zu bewerkstelligen ist, wird in Wolffs Buch ausfuhrlich gezeigt. Sie folgt einer schon in der Schule des Aristoteles entwickelten Methode.

The Complexity of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Since its first identification, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has presented myriad challenges of diagnosis and classification. Our understanding has evolved from a cluster of diagnostic categories (Asperger's, Autism, and Pervasive Development Disorder) to the current continuum of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Meanwhile, we have progressed from debating the validity of the diagnosis, to considering it a modern epidemic. This evolution has drawn attention across a variety of fields, including the neurosciences, education, forensics, and behavioral health. While new research accumulates, there remains a lack of conceptual and practical clarity about what ASD is, how specific diagnoses might be delineated, and what we can do to understand and manage the complexity of individuals on the Spectrum. In understanding ASD, one size does not fit all-families, schools, and clinicians all need a multi-faceted engagement with the specifics they encounter. This text opens a critical dialogue through which students, researchers, and clinicians can challenge their ideas about what it means to work with the unique presentations of individuals on the Spectrum. It provides education, clinical expertise, and personalization to the lives influenced by the ever-changing dynamics of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The Complexity of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Since its first identification, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has presented myriad challenges of diagnosis and classification. Our understanding has evolved from a cluster of diagnostic categories (Asperger's, Autism, and Pervasive Development Disorder) to the current continuum of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Meanwhile, we have progressed from debating the validity of the diagnosis, to considering it a modern epidemic. This evolution has drawn attention across a variety of fields, including the neurosciences, education, forensics, and behavioral health. While new research accumulates, there remains a lack of conceptual and practical clarity about what ASD is, how specific diagnoses might be delineated, and what we can do to understand and manage the complexity of individuals on the Spectrum. In understanding ASD, one size does not fit all-families, schools, and clinicians all need a multi-faceted engagement with the specifics they encounter. This text opens a critical dialogue through which students, researchers, and clinicians can challenge their ideas about what it means to work with the unique presentations of individuals on the Spectrum. It provides education, clinical expertise, and personalization to the lives influenced by the ever-changing dynamics of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

1. Michael , Wolff

Fabrication and analysis of highly-filled ceramic-polymer composites using the spouted bed technology

In this thesis a versatile process route for the fabrication of novel bulk composite materials is developed, which is based on the spouted bed spray granulation process. The granulation process is used to assemble different kinds and sizes of ceramic particles and polymers into granules. In this process a liquid, which contains organic (and sometimes inorganic) components, is sprayed onto fluidized particles. The key advantages of the spouted bed spray granulation process are analyzed with respect to the fabrication of novel composite materials, and several process routes for different types of polymers and different target properties are developed. The granules are further processed to dense composites, which are then analyzed with respect to their morphology and mechanical properties. It is also shown that this process route can be combined with other processes to fabricate composites with a genuine hierarchical structure. The inner structure and the mechanical properties of the final composites are analyzed and simulated with the Discrete-Element-Method (DEM). It is shown that the DEM is a very useful and adequate simulation tool for the fabricated composites, particularly for composites with a high filling degree, as it allows a direct three-dimensional representation of the composite.