Results for 'bernard knapp'

1. Bernard Knapp

Cyprus and Ugarit

This study considers the detailed archaeological and documentary records of Cyprus and Ugarit (Syria) to gain new insights into the long-term relations between two of the best known, well-connected polities in the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean. I engage with concepts such as maritime space and spheres of interaction, merchants and mercantilism, actors and agents. Some background on both Ugarit and Cyprus is presented, followed by examination of the common material features of both (e.g., ashlar masonry, urban mortuary practices, composite anchors, the Cypro-Minoan script). The study then zeroes in more specifically to present the Cypriot material uncovered in Ugarit (especially seals, metals and pottery), followed by some of the Levantine materials found on Cyprus. All known documentary evidence related to these two polities is presented and discussed with respect to three factors: people, politics and professions. The discussion section that follows takes a broader look at material and mercantile connectivity in the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean, considering in turn the merchants of Ugarit and Cyprus, maritime spheres of interaction, and the actors and agents involved in these mercantile worlds. Although Ugarit and Cyprus were two very different kinds of society, they shared a vital, commercial link, one that — over time — had a transformative impact on Cyprus.

Critical Approaches to Cypriot and Wider Mediterranean Archaeology

This volume brings together scholars to reflect on the pioneering work of Professor A. Bernard Knapp, to explore the impact of - and to consider and confront the challenges and questions posed by - his extensive scholarship. Knapp is a central, generation-defining figure in the pre- and proto-history of the Mediterranean, and the essays in this volume will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students of the region.Topics include studies of sites, places, materials and texts in the Levant, Cyprus, Crete, Greece and Sicily, and wider critiques of theory and method addressing themes of connectivity and mobility, maritime archaeology, landscapes, climate and environment, and publication history and practice in the overall Mediterranean field. The authors comprise a mixture of senior, mid-career and rising junior scholars, from various backgrounds, who offer a broad range of perspectives on the state and future of the archaeology of Cyprus and the wider Mediterranean.

Social Approaches to an Industrial Past

Social Approaches to an Industrial Past is a pioneering collection which addresses the social context of mining communities. This collection considers social context using ethnographic and ethnohistoric records of various cultures.

Social Approaches to an Industrial Past

Social Approaches to an Industrial Past addresses the social issues of mining communities in research spanning a period of 4,500 years. The volume considers themes which are relatively new to archaeology: * the social context of production * gender * power and labour exploitation * imperialism and colonialism * production and technology.

1. Bernard Knapp

Seafaring and seafarers in the bronze age eastern mediterranean

Seafaring is a mode of travel, a way to traverse maritime space that enables not only the transport of goods and materials but also of people and ideas - communicating and sharing knowledge across the sea and between different lands. Seagoing ships under sail were operating between the Levant, Egypt, Cyprus and Anatolia by the mid-third millennium BC and within the Aegean by the end of that millennium. By the Late Bronze Age (after ca. 1700/1600 BC), seaborne trade in the eastern Mediterranean made the region an economic epicentre, one in which there was no place for Aegean, Canaanite or Egyptian trading monopolies, or 'thalassocracies'. At that time, the world of eastern Mediterranean seafaring and seafarers became much more complex, involving a number of different peoples in multiple networks of economic and social exchange.This much is known, or in many cases widely presumed. Is it possible to trace the origins and emergence of these early trade networks? Can we discuss at any reasonable level who was involved in these maritime ventures? Who built the early ships in which maritime trade was conducted, and who captained them? Who sailed them? Which ports and harbours were the most propitious for maritime trade? What other evidence exists for seafaring, fishing, the exploitation of marine resources and related maritime matters?This study seeks to address such questions by examining a wide range of material, documentary and iconographic evidence, and re-examining a multiplicity of varying interpretations on Bronze Age seafaring and seafarers in the eastern Mediterranean, from Anatolia in the north to Egypt in the south and west to Cyprus. The Aegean world operated on the western boundaries of this region, but is referred to more in passing than in engagement. Because the social aspects of seafaring and transport, the relationship different peoples had with the sea, and the whole notion of 'seascapes' are seldom discussed in the literature of the eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age, this volume devotes significant attention to such factors, including: mobility, connectivity, the length and purpose as well as the risk of the journey, the knowledge and experience of navigation and travel, 'working' the sea, the impact of distance and access to the exotic upon peoples' identities and ideologies, and much more.Contents:Preface and AcknowledgementsList of Figures1. IntroductionA Brief (Pre)History of the Mediterranean Bronze Age2. Maritime Matters and MaterialsSocial Aspects- Seascapes and Seafaring- Merchants, Mariners and PiratesMaterial Aspects- Shipwrecks- Ports and Harbours- Maritime Transport Containers (MTCs)- Ships' Representations, Boat Models- Stone Anchors, Fishing and Fishing Equipment3. Early Bronze AgeThe Levant and Egypt- Ports and Harbours- Ships' Representations- Maritime Transport Containers (MTCs)- Stone AnchorsCyprusAnatolia- Ports and Harbours4. Middle Bronze AgeThe Levant and Egypt- Ports and Harbours- Ships' Representations- Maritime Transport Containers (MTCs)- Stone AnchorsCyprus- Ships' Representations- Maritime Transport Containers and Overseas TradeAnatolia- Shipwrecks and Stone Anchors- Ports and Harbours- Maritime Transport Containers5. Late Bronze AgeThe Documentary Record- Ships and Cargoes- Merchants and MarinersThe Levant and Egypt- Ports and Harbours- Ships' Representations (Levant)- Ships' Representations (Egypt)- Maritime Transport Containers (MTCs)- Stone Anchors, Fishing Tackle and FishCyprus- Harbours- Ships' Representations- Maritime Transport Containers (MTCs)- Stone Anchors- Miniature Anchors, Fishing Tackle and FishAnatolia- Harbours- Shipwrecks- Ships' Representations- Stone Anchors and Fishing Equipment6. Seafaring, Seafarers and Seaborne TradeA Diachronic Overview- Early Bronze Age- Middle Bronze Age- Late Bronze AgeNetworks and Routes of ExchangeSeafaring, Seafarers and Bronze Age Polities7. Conclusions8. References9. Index