Results for 'george orwell'

1. Krystyna , Wieszczek

George Orwell and Communist Poland

George Orwell and Communist Poland is the first major account of George Orwell's Polish reception during the Second World War and the Cold War era. It shows how Orwell, the epitome of a censored writer in the Soviet bloc, enjoyed a fulsome reception both outside and within communist Poland. It does so by developing a tripartite framework to study reception in conditions of state-imposed censorship, where three modes are likely to develop in response: émigré, official and clandestine. The book thus brings to light Orwell's overlooked relationships with Polish exiles who informed his work and looked upon him not only as a writer but also a personal friend and political ally. They eagerly translated his works and sought multinational promotion, even behind the Iron Curtain. The volume argues that Orwell also experienced official reception, smuggled into state-controlled culture in officially accepted ways. Additionally, communist censorship files reflect his reception within the state apparatus. Finally, the book examines passionate clandestine responses to Orwell's writing and myth in diaries and letters from as early as under Stalinism and explores Orwell's popularity among underground publishing networks, which enabled his works to become bestsellers. The book draws on sources in foreign languages and previously unseen material, including Orwell's 'lost' letters to Teresa Jele¿ska, the Polish translator of Animal Farm. The volume significantly broadens our understanding of Orwell's life, work and legacy. It also contributes to discussions in English literature and comparative literature, literary exchanges, translation, reception and censorship and East European studies.

Orwell Prize

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Orwell Prize is regarded as the pre-eminent British prize for political writing. Three prizes are awarded each year: one for a book, one for journalism and another for blogging. In each case, the winner is the short-listed entry which comes closest to George Orwell's own ambition to 'make political writing into an art'. The prize was founded by Bernard Crick in 1993 using money from the royalties of the hardback edition of his biography of Orwell. Its sponsors are Orwell's adopted son Richard Blair, Reuters, The Political Quarterly, Blackwell Publishing, Media Standards Trust, and A. M. Heath & Company. Crick remained Chair of the judges until 2006. The media historian Professor Jean Seaton has filled this position since 2007.

Orwellian

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. "Orwellian" describes the situation, idea, or societal condition that George Orwell identified as being destructive to the welfare of a free society. It connotes an attitude and a policy of control by propaganda, surveillance, misinformation, denial of truth, and manipulation of the past, including the "unperson" - a person whose past existence is expunged from the public record and memory, practiced by modern repressive governments. Often, this includes the circumstances depicted in his novels, particularly Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwell's ideas about personal freedom and state authority developed when he was a British colonial administrator in Burma. He was fascinated by the effect of colonialism on the individual person, requiring acceptance of the idea that the colonialist oppressor exists only for the good of the oppressed person and people.

Secular Saint

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The term, secular saint, which has no strict definition, generally refers to someone venerated and respected for contributions to a noble cause, but not recognized as a canonical saint by a religion. The ranks of secular saints, like those of religious ones, are often filled by martyrs. George Orwell began his Reflections on Gandhi: "Saints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent..." Orwell concluded his essay with an attack on the idea of sainthood but praise for Gandhi: "One may feel, as I do, a sort of aesthetic distaste for Gandhi, one may reject the claims of sainthood made on his behalf (he never made any such claim himself, by the way), one may also reject sainthood as an ideal and therefore feel that Gandhi's basic aims were anti-human and reactionary: but regarded simply as a politician, and compared with the other leading political figures of our time, how clean a smell he has managed to leave behind!"

Orwell's List

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Orwell's list, prepared in 1949 by the English author George Orwell, shortly before he died, comprises names of notable writers and other individuals he considered to be unsuitable as possible writers for the Information Research Department's anti-communist propaganda activities. The Information Research Department was a propaganda unit set up by the Labour government in 1948 based at the United Kingdom's Foreign Office, after the start of the Cold War. Celia Kirwan, who had just started working as Robert Conquest's assistant at the IRD, visited Orwell at a sanatorium where he was receiving treatment for tuberculosis in March 1949. Orwell wrote down the names of individuals he considered sympathetic to communism and therefore unsuitable as writers for the Department, and enclosed it in a letter to Kirwan. The list became public in 2003.

Terreur rouge (Espagne)

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Le nom de Terreur rouge est utilisé pour désigner, en Espagne, l'ensemble des actes de violence commis par différents groupes d'activistes républicains pendant la guerre civile espagnole des années 1930. Ceux-ci incluent des profanations de monastères, d'églises et de gravures religieuses ainsi que le meurtre de 6 832 membres du clergé catholique, l'exécution de laïcs et des attaques contre des propriétaires terriens, des industriels et hommes politiques. La terreur rouge se déroula en parallèle à la terreur blanche commise par les franquistes.