Republics of Difference
Religious and Racial Self-Governance in the Spanish Atlantic World
Karen B. Graubart
Republics of Difference
Religious and Racial Self-Governance in the Spanish Atlantic World
Karen B. Graubart
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Republics of Difference is an ambitious and compelling study of the Iberian republic as a tool for managing religious and cultural difference and as a unit of self-governance for legal minorities. Through meticulous transatlantic analysis across a broad swath of time, Graubart reveals the fungibility of the republic as imperial strategy while underscoring how leaders and residents of diverse republics mobilized notions of difference for their own ends. Her argument that republics catalyzed early modern legal pluralism and racial thinking in the Atlantic world represents a landmark contribution to multiple fields of history.
Republics of Difference is an ambitious and compelling study of the Iberian republic as a tool for managing religious and cultural difference and as a unit of self-governance for legal minorities. Through meticulous transatlantic analysis across a broad swath of time, Graubart reveals the fungibility of the republic as imperial strategy while underscoring how leaders and residents of diverse republics mobilized notions of difference for their own ends. Her argument that republics catalyzed early modern legal pluralism and racial thinking in the Atlantic world represents a landmark contribution to multiple fields of history.
Jurisdiction is the fabric of power. Graubart's book delves into the question of what happens when two jurisdictions—for instance, one of Indian laborers and officials living in a walled city, another one founded in colonial rule and Jesuit ideas of work—overlap. Republics of Difference demonstrates both the jurisdictional and institutional creativity of imperial subjects and the ways in which colonial rule kept such creativity at bay.
Republics of Difference is a fascinating transatlantic discussion of the role of self-governing republics as a tool not only for managing distinctive subgroups within the Iberian empire, but also for self-preservation for racial and religious minorities...Using an impressive array of legal and commercial records from both sides of the Atlantic, Graubart demonstrates how disenfranchised groups in Seville and Lima employed the distinction and legal status of a republic to preserve their own identity and exert agency within the Spanish Empire at the same time that the empire attempted to use republics to reinforce imperial control. This work is enhanced through the extensive use of GIS to cartographically present...statistical analysis. This well-written study makes important contributions to discussions of race, identity, and self-governance in the Spanish Empire, as well as to broader discussions within Atlantic studies.
In this parallel rather than comparative history, Karen Graubart analyses the constitution of difference in the legally pluralistic Hispanic Monarchy, examining the ways that jurisdictions delegated to distinct corporate political units, dubbed repúblicas, negotiated with each other and the overarching royal dominion that hovered above them all... The true joy of this book are its microhistories, suggestive anecdotes that paint a vivid picture of life...The book provides a rich and suggestive mosaic that offers fundamental insights into the way that colonial, imperial power was exercised in Iberia and the Andes across diverse religious and racial communities, essential reading for anyone who seeks to understand the social history of the Spanish Atlantic world.
Exceptionally original, well-researched, and well-written... Graubart's prose is lively and quick paced, as she moves back and forth between narrative case studies and illustrative anecdotes culled from archival sources, synthetic surveys of general trends, and finely grained analyses of an often elusive documentary record... Republics of Difference constitutes an exemplary work of interdisciplinary, comparative scholarship such that the reader sees as much continuum as rupture between the Middle Ages and the Early Modern and between European Iberia and New World Peru. This dense but very readable work will be appreciated by scholars in a range of fields and is eminently suitable to be assigned in a graduate or upper-level undergraduate seminar.
Karen B. Graubart is Associate Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame. She is the author of the award-winning With Our Labor and Sweat: Indigenous Women and the Formation of Colonial Society in Peru, 1550-1700.
Republics of Difference is an ambitious and compelling study of the Iberian republic as a tool for managing religious and cultural difference and as a unit of self-governance for legal minorities. Through meticulous transatlantic analysis across a broad swath of time, Graubart reveals the fungibility of the republic as imperial strategy while underscoring how leaders and residents of diverse republics mobilized notions of difference for their own ends. Her argument that republics catalyzed early modern legal pluralism and racial thinking in the Atlantic world represents a landmark contribution to multiple fields of history.
Jurisdiction is the fabric of power. Graubart's book delves into the question of what happens when two jurisdictions—for instance, one of Indian laborers and officials living in a walled city, another one founded in colonial rule and Jesuit ideas of work—overlap. Republics of Difference demonstrates both the jurisdictional and institutional creativity of imperial subjects and the ways in which colonial rule kept such creativity at bay.
Republics of Difference is a fascinating transatlantic discussion of the role of self-governing republics as a tool not only for managing distinctive subgroups within the Iberian empire, but also for self-preservation for racial and religious minorities...Using an impressive array of legal and commercial records from both sides of the Atlantic, Graubart demonstrates how disenfranchised groups in Seville and Lima employed the distinction and legal status of a republic to preserve their own identity and exert agency within the Spanish Empire at the same time that the empire attempted to use republics to reinforce imperial control. This work is enhanced through the extensive use of GIS to cartographically present...statistical analysis. This well-written study makes important contributions to discussions of race, identity, and self-governance in the Spanish Empire, as well as to broader discussions within Atlantic studies.
In this parallel rather than comparative history, Karen Graubart analyses the constitution of difference in the legally pluralistic Hispanic Monarchy, examining the ways that jurisdictions delegated to distinct corporate political units, dubbed repúblicas, negotiated with each other and the overarching royal dominion that hovered above them all... The true joy of this book are its microhistories, suggestive anecdotes that paint a vivid picture of life...The book provides a rich and suggestive mosaic that offers fundamental insights into the way that colonial, imperial power was exercised in Iberia and the Andes across diverse religious and racial communities, essential reading for anyone who seeks to understand the social history of the Spanish Atlantic world.
Exceptionally original, well-researched, and well-written... Graubart's prose is lively and quick paced, as she moves back and forth between narrative case studies and illustrative anecdotes culled from archival sources, synthetic surveys of general trends, and finely grained analyses of an often elusive documentary record... Republics of Difference constitutes an exemplary work of interdisciplinary, comparative scholarship such that the reader sees as much continuum as rupture between the Middle Ages and the Early Modern and between European Iberia and New World Peru. This dense but very readable work will be appreciated by scholars in a range of fields and is eminently suitable to be assigned in a graduate or upper-level undergraduate seminar.
Karen B. Graubart is Associate Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame. She is the author of the award-winning With Our Labor and Sweat: Indigenous Women and the Formation of Colonial Society in Peru, 1550-1700.